The arthrosis of the hip joint is a complex disease with specific symptoms and complex treatment.The disease occurs against the background of metabolic disorders in the cartilage tissue of the joint cavity and the head of the femur.
The arthrosis of the hip joint or coksartrosis is more common in the elderly.It is generally accepted that an inflammatory reaction plays the main role in the pathogenesis of the disease.After a large number of studies, it has been shown that arthrosis occurs with atherosclerosis and diseases with metabolic disorders.
The essence of the disease
Coksartrosis is a disease based on metabolic disorders with atrophic and degenerative changes in the fabric of the cartilage of the hip joint.
You cannot confuse arthrosis with arthritis.Unlike arthritis with arthrosis, a non -infectious (aseptic) inflammation occurs, which develops and advances for many years.
Pathogenesis of development:
- Violation of metabolic processes in the cartilage.The cartilage fabric receives nutrients using the diffusion.The slightest inflammation or edema leads to a lack of traces of elements and minerals.
- Against the background of nutritional compromise processes, atrophic changes begin, the cartilage tissue is perfected, the quantity of joint liquid and condoroblasts decreases.
- Due to the madness and the destruction of cartilage, strong pain begins, there is a decrease in the amplitude of the movements in the joints.
- The cartilage tissue is very sophisticated, the fabulous crack is shrinking, joint dystrophy occurs.
Until the beginning of the dystrophy, it takes place for more than a year.The disease can only be stopped in the early stages, with the development of the third stage of osteoarthritis, the treatment aims to reduce the symptoms and support the patient's life, an alternative to medicines - endoprothetics.
Reasons
The disease is poletiaological, there are many conditions and factors that can lead to arthrosis or cause its progression.If the causes of arthrosis of the hip joint are not detected, such a disease is called idiopathic arthrosis.
The disease is not hereditary, but the genetic pathologies in which the cartilage dysplasia occurs can cause arthrosis of the hip joint.
In addition, the cause of coksartrosis may be such diseases:
- Pertes syndrome - A characteristic sign of the disease is a violation of the delivery of nutrients to the tissue of the cartilage of the joint and the head of the femur.It occurs during childhood, mainly the boys are sick.
- Congenital disputes and subluxation of the femur.In the injury process, an inflammatory reaction and an aseptic fusion of the cartilage tissue and the head of the femur may occur.
- Necrosis of the femoral head.It occurs due to damage to the upper artery, which is attached to the top of the head.
- Rheumatoid and youth arthritis.Against the background of the action of toxins or antibodies, exudative inflammation develops in the joint.
Given the fact that the disease progresses slowly, the disorder can be on the one hand and two.
There are many factors that contribute to the occurrence of osteoarthritis, include:
- spine diseases (cifosi, lordosis, scoliosis);
- metabolic diseases of the connective tissue;
- violation of the flow of blood to the joint;
- atherosclerosis of large vases;
- States of stress;
- hip dysplasia;
- congenital deformations of the lower ends;
- Infectious diseases;
- inactive lifestyle;
- intake of alcohol, smoke;
- Elderly.
Do not forget that people who are engaged in stretching have a great risk of developing arthrosis in adulthood.
In addition, one of the reasons can be traumatic damage to the components of the joint.After tissue damage occurs, an inflammatory reaction occurs, due to which cartilage can be replaced by the connective tissue.
Symptoms
Due to the fact that the disease is slowly progressing, the patient does not always pay attention to his first signs.It should be noted that with early diagnosis, the chances of remission of the disease increase.It is very important to start treatment previously, since in this way it is possible to avoid the occurrence of ankylosis and complete osteoarthritis.
With the arthrosis of the hip joint, the symptoms can occur with different intensities depending on the loads and the degree of the disease.
Clinical image of osteoarthritis of the hip joint:
- Painful sensations that grow in serious pain from the front and lateral part of the thigh.Patients complain that the thigh hurts a lot during the turn or load on the joint.
- The unpleasant sensations that rise to the groin during the walk are sometimes combined with pain in the thigh.
- The rigidity and limitation of the mobility of the limb in the hip joint.First of all, the function of leaving aside suffers and then all the others.
- Unpleasant sounds when walking, the joint can click or creak.Constant pathological sounds can be the only sign of the disease.
- The morning rigidity, which passes in a couple of hours or before dinner.
Sometimes ignoring possible consequences, people begin to take drugs for symptomatic therapy and therefore mask the progression of the destruction process in the cartilage.
Degree of illness
The clinical picture depends on the degree of arthrosis of the hip joint and the reactivity of the patient's body.If symptoms occur, as a rule, changes in X -rays occur in medical practice, it is customary to distinguish three radiological phases, each of which has its own characteristics.
The degree of arthrosis regarding changes in X -rays:
1st grade arthrosis
It proceeds with minimum clinical events and therefore patients rarely seek help from a doctor.With an early diagnosis of the disease, the patient increases complete recovery possibilities.The initial period of the disease is characterized by small pain in the pelvis and thigh, the pain increases against the background of physical effort or prolonged walk.In second place in terms of frequency of the event, a symptom of groin pain arrives.At 1 degree, the pain is pulling and rarely occurs.The volume of the movements is completely preserved.In a radius X, minor changes are displayed.
2nd degree
In the event of a second degree, the patient begins to disturb more acute and frequent pains that can occur at rest.The symptoms, as a rule, manifest themselves in the evening and the morning rigidity does not pass until dinner.During prolonged transitions, a symptom of lame occurs, a person cannot fully load the sick articulation.The discomfort occurs during flexion or squats, degenerative processes progress in the cartilage.Over the background of these changes, the leg can shorten, the atrophy of the hip and pelvis muscles occurs.On radiographs, a narrowing of the joint gap is visible, a periostal reaction grows.A large number of osteophytes are found in the lumen of the joint.
3rd final or widespread stadium of arthrosis
The third stage is characterized by the occurrence of motor dysfunction of the lower ends.The patient complains of constant pain, which occurs without reason.There is an shortening of the limb greater than 5%, ankylosis occurs, the joint loses the mobility capacity.The X -ray shows the full closure of the joint gap and a large number of osteophytes against the background of bone deformation.The 3rd degree treatment is carried out only by an operational way.
Treatment methods
The choice of the methodology for treatment depends on the degree of osteoarthritis.In the early stages, complete conservative treatment is used.The most difficult is the second stage, since conservative therapy is ineffective and the indications for the operation are not sufficient.It is completely possible to cure arthrosis only with the development of the first degree of the disease.
After making a diagnosis of arthrosis of the hip joint, the doctor chooses the treatment methods.The most commonly used:
- conservative treatment with drugs;
- surgical treatment;
- Therapy and massage.
Each of the treatment methods has its own characteristics, variations and specific objectives.Conservative therapy is used for these purposes:
- The fight against the etiological factor.For example, metabolic or hormonal disorders can be corrected.
- Symptomatic treatment aimed at alleviating the patient's life and alleviating the symptoms of alteration.For this purpose, non -short anti -inflammatory drugs are used.Very often, sodium diclofenac, nimesulide, ibuprofen are used by fans.
To get rid of constant pain, fans are taken almost every day and this can affect the patient's gastrointestinal tract and cause the development of the peptic ulcer.
The surgery is indicated with the third degree of arthrosis and is the only method to restore the walking function.The essence of the methodology is the complete or partial replacement of the joint joints with titanium endoprotesis.
Physical education of the media is an integral part of any rehabilitation measures.The exercise therapy and the massage aim to improve blood flow in the articulation.In addition, operating therapy is used to reduce the risk of ankylosis.
You should be careful when performing exercises, as you can damage joint osteophytes.Tactics and exercises should be selected by a doctor based on the individual characteristics and the clinical picture of the disease.